The study of praxeological aspects of pharmaceutical ethics in the performance of professional duties

Abstract

The modern healthcare system sets pharmacists not only the task of providing consumers with high-quality medicines, but also high ethical requirements in interactions with visitors, physicians, and other participants in the medical process. Proper performance of professional duties is essential for building trust in the pharmacist. A significant role is played by the praxeological approach, which allows us to systematize the aspects of pharmaceutical ethics.

Aim. To study the praxeological aspects of pharmaceutical ethics manifested during the professional activities of pharmacy specialists; to substantiate their importance for providing high-quality, ethically grounded pharmaceutical care, for the formation of a patient-centered service model, and the prevention of professional and ethical violations.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted via an online survey of pharmacy employees (March–May 2025). The questionnaire included demographic and specialized sections with open- and closed-ended questions. The number of respondents (304) was determined using the sample observation method (A. N. Kolmogorov’s method). Responses of pharmacy workers from different regions of Ukraine were analyzed. Methods of statistical analysis, comparison, graphical data interpretation, as well as logical and ethical interpretation of results in accordance with the provisions of the Code of Ethics of the Pharmaceutical Worker of Ukraine were applied.

Results and discussion. The overwhelming majority of respondents (97.3 %) are guided by consumer interests, demonstrating patient-centricity. At the same time, 93.4 % recognize the impact of commercial incentives. Only 23.7 % always offer a cheaper analog, while 75.0 % do so only upon request, thereby limiting the consumer’s right to choose. Regarding communication with pharmacy visitors: 44.7 % always explain the way of drug administration, 43.4 % – only upon request, and 11.8 % – when possible; 69.7 % regularly ask clarifying questions; 78.9 % provide information on adverse drug reactions. No cases of systematic dispensing of prescription medicines without a prescription were reported, although 28.9 % avoided a direct answer. The necessity of a prescription is explained by 53.9 % of pharmacists, while 17.1 % refuse dispensing. In general, there is a significant difference between the declared ethical norms and the actual practices of respondents, indicating the need for systematic ethical support and continuous training.

Conclusions. Most respondents adhere to basic ethical principles – patient-centricity, responsible information provision, and harm prevention. At the same time, the impact of financial incentives and selectivity in communication remain challenges requiring correction through professional training, ethics workshops, and increased self-control.